Total Knee Success

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Master Reference List

Please refer to the following Reference list for further details and studies related to total knee replacement reseach.

For a detailed understanding, please refer to the Reference list that accompanies this article on total knee replacement reseach.

  1. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Activities After Total Knee Replacement & Exercise Guide. OrthoInfo. Updated 2021. Accessed September 27, 2025.
  2. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Driving After Joint Replacement. OrthoInfo. Accessed November 15, 2025.
  3. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Total Knee Replacement. OrthoInfo. “Kneeling is sometimes uncomfortable, but it is not harmful.” Updated guidance. Accessed 2025.
  4. Arhos E, Sturgill L, Capin JJ. Who’s afraid of electrical stimulation? Let’s revisit the application of NMES at the knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54(2):101-112.
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  10. Black R, Green C, Sochart D. Postoperative numbness of the knee following total knee arthroplasty. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013;95(8):565-568.
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  28. Fitzsimmons SE, Vazquez EA, Bronson MJ. How to treat the stiff total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(4):1096-1106.
  29. Fu D, Chen K, Li G, et al. Patellar resurfacing versus nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(2):666-673.
  30. Fu D, Chen K, Li G, et al. Long-term outcomes of patellar resurfacing vs nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(5):1463-1470.
  31. Ganz SB, Levin AZ, Peterson MG, Ranawat CS. Improvement in brake response time after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:162-170.
  32. Garland SN, Carlson LE, Stephens AJ, Antle MC, Samuels C, Campbell TS. Mindfulness-based stress reduction compared with cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(5):651-663.
  33. Giannoudis V, et al. Brake reaction time and return to driving after knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Accid Anal Prev. 2021;153:106025.
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  35. Goff AJ, et al. Physical therapists prioritize providing education about exercise therapy and dispelling misconceptions for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74(12):2038-2048.
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  38. Harvey LA, Brosseau L, Herbert RD. Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD004260.
  39. He JY, Jiang LS, Dai LY. The influence of patellar mobility on knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(2):222-227.
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  41. Issa K, Rifai A, Boylan MR, Pourtaheri S, McInerney VK, Mont MA. Do various factors affect the frequency of manipulation under anesthesia after primary total knee arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(1):143-149.
  42. Issa K, Rifai A, McGrath MS, et al. Does timing of manipulation under anesthesia affect range of motion after primary TKA? J Knee Surg. 2014;27(3):195-199.
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  44. Jette DU, Hunter SJ, Keenan AM. Physical therapist–managed walking and stair safety after total knee arthroplasty: outcomes and predictors. Phys Ther. 2014;94(12):1757-1766.
  45. Jette DU, Hunter SJ, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Physical therapist management of total knee arthroplasty. Phys Ther. 2020;100(9):1603-1631.
  46. Jones CA, Voaklander DC, Johnston DW, Suarez-Almazor ME. Health-related quality of life outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasties in a community-based population. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(3):455-463.
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  48. Keeney JA, et al. Incisional negative-pressure wound therapy after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(20):1820-1829.
  49. Kennedy DM, Stratford PW, Riddle DL, Hanna SE, Gollish JD. Assessing recovery and establishing prognosis following total knee replacement. Phys Ther. 2008;88(1):22-32.
  50. Kerr SL, O’Donovan A, Pepping CA. Can gratitude and kindness interventions enhance well-being in a clinical sample? J Happiness Stud. 2021;22(5):2181-2198.
  51. Kim J, Nelson CL, Lotke PA. Stiffness after total knee arthroplasty: prevalence of the complication and outcomes of revision. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86(7):1479-1484.
  52. Kim TK, et al. Patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty: update on causes and management. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2022;34:32.
  53. Kutzner I, Heinlein B, Graichen F, et al. Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured in vivo in five subjects. J Biomech. 2010;43(11):2164-2173.
  54. Landers K. A narrative review of scars after surgery: what to expect. Ann Transl Med. 2023;11(5):7324.
  55. Lee J, et al. Modern wound closure techniques in total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022;17(1):471.
  56. Lee Y, Kim H, et al. The efficacy of cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty: updated evidence. J Clin Med. 2024;13(5):1420.
  57. Lehrer P, Gevirtz R. Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? Front Psychol. 2014;5:756.
  58. Lenssen AF, van Dam EM, Crijns YH, et al. Reproducibility of goniometric measurement of the knee in the acute phase after total knee arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8:83.
  59. Lewis GN, Rice DA, McNair PJ, Kluger M. Predictors of persistent pain after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2015;156(10):1930-1940.
  60. Liebensteiner MC, et al. Brake response time after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(10):1849-1854.
  61. Lenguerrand E, et al. Risk factors for persistent pain after knee replacement: a multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e012166.
  62. Liu C, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of continuous cryotherapy versus traditional cold application after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:67.
  63. Liu SS, Buvanendran A, Rathmell JP, et al. Predictors of prolonged postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2012;115(5):1066-1073.
  64. MacDonald W, Owen JW. The effect of total knee arthroplasty on driving. J Arthroplasty. 1988;3(1):23-29.
  65. Mancuso CA, Jout J, Salvati EA, Sculco TP. Patients’ expectations and satisfaction with total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24(4):502-508.
  66. Marks R. Knee osteoarthritis and exercise adherence: a review. Curr Aging Sci. 2012;5(1):72-83.
  67. Meikle B, Devitt BM, Hooper G. Safe return to driving after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;23(7):1957-1966.
  68. Minick KI, Capin JJ, Stevens-Lapsley JE, et al. Improved outcomes following a care guideline implementation: Part 1 of an analysis of 12,355 patients after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023;53(3):143-150.
  69. Minns Lowe CJ, Barker KL, Dewey ME, Sackley CM. Effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after knee replacement: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;335:812.
  70. Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Snyder-Mackler L. Quadriceps strength and the time course of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(7):424-436.
  71. Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Stevens JE, Vandenborne K, Snyder-Mackler L. Early quadriceps strength loss after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Res. 2005;23(5):1083-1090.
  72. Mont MA, Beaver WB, Dysart SH, Barrington JW, Del Gaizo DJ. Local infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(1):90-95.
  73. Na A, Lim KY, Lee HJ, et al. Diabetes mellitus blunts the symptoms, physical function, and health-related quality-of-life benefits of total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2021;51(6):269-280.
  74. Nadeem S, Tucker A, Heidari N, et al. Predictors of kneeling ability after total knee arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today. 2021;7:224-232.
  75. Nossa E, et al. Continuous heat therapy combined with exercise in musculoskeletal pain: effects on compliance and comfort. Pain Pract. 2025;25(1):12-21.
  76. O’Brien L, Jones DJ. Silicone gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic scars. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;9:CD003826.
  77. Orange GM, Hince DA, Travers MJ, Stanton TR, Jones M. Physical function following total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a longitudinal systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2025;55(1).
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  79. Pasqualini I, et al. Sports and return to work after total knee arthroplasty. Joints. 2023;11(4):217-226.
  80. Peters MCWM, et al. Return to daily activities, work, and sports after total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2024;95:353-360.
  81. Pierson JL, Earles DR, Wood K. Brake response time after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:159-165.
  82. Pierson JL, Earles DR. Return to driving following lower extremity arthroplasty: considerations for the clinician. Orthopedics. 2006;29(9):809-812.
  83. Pu S-Y, et al. Effects of oral collagen for skin anti-aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15(9):2080.
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  85. Ritter MA, Harty LD, Davis KE, Meding JB, Berend ME. Predicting range of motion after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(7):1278-1285.
  86. Rossi MD, et al. Heat therapy and functional outcomes in musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. Phys Ther Rev. 2024;29(2):135-146.
  87. Rowe PJ, Myles CM, Walker C, Nutton R. Knee joint kinematics in gait and other functional activities measured using flexible electrogoniometry: how much knee motion is sufficient for normal daily life? Gait Posture. 2000;12(2):143-155.
  88. Saoji AA, Raghavendra BR, Manjunath NK. Effects of yogic breath regulation: a narrative review of scientific evidence. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019;10(1):50-58.
  89. Skoffer B, Dalgas U. Exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and knee arthroplasty. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(6):e119-e127.
  90. Skou ST, et al. Predictors of pain and functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(6):1131-1141.
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  92. Sternberg J. Tips for protecting surgical scars while in the sun. Orlin & Cohen Orthopedic Group website. Published June 30, 2025. Accessed November 15, 2025.
  93. Stratford PW, Kennedy DM. Performance measures of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty. Phys Ther. 2006;86(12):1631-1638.
  94. Stryker Orthopaedics. Triathlon Knee System: Patient Materials. Accessed 2025.
  95. Stürmer KM, et al. Patellar complications following total knee arthroplasty with or without resurfacing: registry-based analysis. Orthopaedics. 2019.
  96. Tanavalee A, Limtrakul A, Veerasethsiri P, et al. Area of skin numbness after total knee arthroplasty: does minimally invasive approach make any difference from standard approach? J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(11):2499-2503.
  97. Taylor WR, Duda GN, Bergmann G, et al. Peak knee contact forces during stair ascent and descent in vivo. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(3):408-415.
  98. Taylor WR, Schütz P, Bergmann G, et al. A comprehensive assessment of the musculoskeletal system: in vivo load measurements with instrumented implants. J Biomech. 2017;60:201-211.
  99. Tilbury C, Haanstra TM, Leichtenberg CS, et al. Unfulfilled expectations after total hip and knee arthroplasty: there is a need for better preoperative patient information and education. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(10):2139-2145.
  100. Tsukada S, et al. Cutoff values for stair climbing ability after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci. 2025;30(1):130-137.
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  106. Werner BC, et al. The incidence of manipulation under anesthesia after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(12):1962-1965.
  107. White DK, Hinman RS, Liles S, et al. A telehealth physical therapy intervention to increase physical activity in adults with knee osteoarthritis: the Delaware PEAK randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2025;55(5):377-390.
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117. Bohl DD, Volpe KA. Nutritional optimization in total joint arthroplasty: a review of the literature. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(9):2831-2839. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2017.05.016

118. Changes in lean body mass with GLP-1-based treatments for obesity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2024;31(5):223-229. doi:10.1097/MED.0000000000000863

119. Cross MB, Yi PH, Thomas CF, Garcia J, Della Valle CJ. Evaluation of malnutrition in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(3):193-199. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-193

120. Holte K, Kehlet H. Complications of postoperative alcohol use: impact on wound healing in orthopedic patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019;63(7):851-859. doi:10.1111/aas.13365

121. Hunger RE, et al. Individualized nutrition care improves strength and independence after knee replacement. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;35:205-211. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.015

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123. Li Y, Pan T, Shen Y, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves inflammatory markers after orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1675. doi:10.3390/nu11071675

124. Marchant MH Jr, Viens NA, Cook C, et al. The impact of glycemic control on infection risk after total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(7):1621-1629. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.00116

125. Miller PE, Van Elswyk M, Alexander DD. Dehydration and orthopedic surgical outcomes: a systematic review. Nutr Clin Pract. 2018;33(1):48-58. doi:10.1002/ncp.10028

126. O’Neill SC, Queally JM, Hickey A, et al. Vitamin D status and surgical outcomes following knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(9):3020-3024. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2017.05.002

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129. Zhang Z, Xu H, Ma J, et al. Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns and joint health after orthopedic surgery. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(11):3456-3463. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.013

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For a comprehensive overview, see our Reference list for further reading on total knee arthroplasty.

This Reference list summarizes various insights from the literature regarding total knee arthroplasty.